Bird species at risk in Leeds/Grenville are listed in 4 levels,

level 1 being the most at risk

(bracketed) names are alternate names

++ Denotes "endangered" or "threatened" status at provincial or federal level.

* Denotes "vulnerable" status at the provincial or federal level.

Birds:

Bitterns, Herons & Egrets

• American Bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus (Level 1)

• Least Bittern*, Ixobrychus exilis (Level 1)

• Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias

• Great Egret, Ardea alba

• Snowy Egret, Egretta thula

• Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis

• Green Heron, Butorides virescens (Level 4)

• Black-crowned Night-Heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (Level 1)

Blackbirds, Grackle, Orioles

• Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Level 3)

• Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus

• Eastern Meadowlark, Sturnella magna (Level 3)

• Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta

• Yellow-headed Blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus

• Rusty Blackbird*, Euphagus carolinus (special concern nationally)

• Brewer's Blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus

• Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula

• Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater

• Orchard Oriole, Icterus spurius (Level 4)

• Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula

Caracaras & Falcons

• American Kestrel, Falco sparverius (Level 2)

• Merlin, Falco columbarius

• Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus

• Peregrine Falcon++, Falco peregrinus

Cardinals & Grosbeaks

• Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis

• Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus

• Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea

• Dickcissel, Spiza americana

Cormorants

• Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus

Chickadees & Titmice

• Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapilla (Level 4)

• Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonica

• Tufted Titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor

Cuckoos

• Black-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Level 2)

• Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (Level 3)

Ducks, Geese & Swans

• Greater White-fronted Goose, Anser albifrons

• Snow Goose, Chen caerulescens

• Brant, Branta bernicla

• Canada Goose, Branta canadensis

• Trumpeter Swan, Cygnus buccinator

• Tundra Swan, Cygnus columbianus

• Wood Duck, Aix sponsa (Level 4)

• Gadwall, Anas strepera (Level 3)

• Eurasian Wigeon, Anas penelope

• American Wigeon, Anas americana (Level 3)

• American Black Duck, Anas rubripes (Level 2

• Mallard, Anas fulvigula

• Blue-winged Teal, Anas discors (Level 2)

• Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata

• Northern Pintail, Anas bahamensis (Level 4)

• Green-winged (Common)Teal, Anas crecca

• Canvasback, Aythya valisineria

• Redhead, Aythya americana

• Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris (Level 2)

• Greater Scaup, Aythya marila

• Lesser Scaup, Aythya affinis

• King Eider, Somateria spectabilis (winter only)

• Harlequin Duck, Histrionicus histrionicus

• Surf Scoter, Melanitta perspicillata

• White-winged Scoter, Melanitta fusca

• Black Scoter, Melanitta nigra

• Long-tailed Duck, Clangula hyemalis

• Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola

• Common Goldeneye, Bucephala clangula

• Barrow's Goldeneye, Bucephala islandica

• Hooded Merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus (Level 4)

• Common (Goosander) Merganser, Mergus merganser

• Red-breasted Merganser, Mergus serrator

• Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis

Gnatcatcher

• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea (Level 4)

Finches

• Pine Grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator

• Purple Finch, Carpodacus purpureus (Level 2)

• House Finch, Carpodacus mexicanus (Introduced species)

• Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra (Level 4)

• White-winged Crossbill, Loxia leucoptera

• Common Redpoll, Carduelis flammea

• Hoary Redpoll, Carduelis hornemanni

• Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus

• Eurasian Siskin, Carduelis spinus

• American Goldfinch, Carduelis tristis (Level 3)

• Evening Grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus (Level 3)

Flycatchers

• Olive-sided Flycatcher, Contopus cooperi (Level 2)

• Eastern Wood-Pewee, Contopus virens

• Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (Level 3)

• Acadian Flycatcher, Empidonax virescens

• Alder Flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum (Level 3)

• Willow Flycatcher, Empidonax traillii

• Least Flycatcher, Empidonax minimus (Level 3)

• Eastern Phoebe, Sayornis phoebe (Level 3)

• Great Crested Flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus

• Western Kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis

• Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (Level 3)

Gulls, Terns & Skimmers

• Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla

• Franklin's Gull, Larus pipixcan

• Little Gull, Larus minutus

• Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus

• Bonaparte's Gull, Larus philadelphia

• Ring-billed Gull, Larus delawarensis

• Herring Gull, Larus argentatus

• Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri (winter)

• Iceland Gull, Larus glaucoides (winter)

• Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus

• Glaucous Gull, Larus hyperboreus (winter)

• Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus

• Sabine's Gull, Xema sabini

• Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla

• Caspian Tern, Hydroprogne caspia

• Black Tern*, Chlidonias niger (Level 1) (special concern provincially)

• Common Tern, Sterna hirundo (Level 4)

• Forster's Tern, Sterna forsteri

Grebe

• Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Level 1)

• Horned Grebe, Podiceps auritus

• Red-necked Grebe, Podiceps grisegena

Hawkes, Kites & Eagles

• Osprey, Pandion haliaetus (Level 2 )

• Bald Eagle++, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Level 1) (endangered in Southern Ontario only)

• Northern Harrier, Circus cyaneus

• Sharp-shinned Hawk, Accipiter striatus (Level 3)

• Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperii (Level 3)

• Northern Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (Level 2)

• Red-shouldered Hawk*, Buteo lineatus (Level 1)

• Broad-winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus (Level 2)

• Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis

• Rough-legged Hawk, Buteo lagopus

• Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos (endangered provincially)

Hummingbirds

• Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris (Level 3)

Jaegers

• Pomarine (Skua) Jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus

• Parasitic Jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus

Jays, Crows, Magpies & Ravens

• Gray Jay, Perisoreus canadensis

• Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata

• American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos

• Common Raven, Corvus corax

Kinglets

• Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus satrapa (Level 3)

• Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula (Level 4)

Kingfishers

• Belted Kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

Larks

• Horned (Shorelark) Lark, Eremophila alpestris (Level 4)

Loons

• Red-throated Loon, Gavia stellata

• Common(Great Diver) Loon , Gavia immer (Level 1)

Mockingbirds & Thrashers

• Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis

• Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (Level 1)

• Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (Level 2)

Nightjars

• Common Nighthawk++, Chordeiles minor (Level 2)

• Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (Level 2)

• Chuck-will’s Widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis (Level 2)

Nuthatch

• Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis (Level 3)

• White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis

Owls

• Eastern Screech-Owl, Megascops asio

• Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus

• Snowy Owl, Bubo scandiacus

• Northern Hawk Owl, Surnia ulula

• Barred Owl, Strix varia (Level 1)

• Great Gray Owl, Strix nebulosa

• Long-eared Owl, Asio otus (Level 1)

• Short-eared Owl*, Asio flammeus (Level 1)

• Boreal Owl, Aegolius funereus

• Northern Saw-whet Owl, Aegolius acadicus (Level 1)

Partridge, Grouse & Turkeys

• Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus (Level 3)

• Spruce Grouse, Dendrogapus canadensis

• Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus

• Wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo (Level 4)

• Gray Partridge, Perdix perdix (introduced species)

• Common (Ring Necked) Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (introduced species)

Pigeons & Doves

• Rock Dove (Rock Pigeon), Columba livia (Introduced species)

• Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura

Plovers

• Black-bellied Plover, Pluvialis squatarola

• American Golden-Plover, Pluvialis dominica

• Semipalmated Plover, Charadrius semipalmatus

• Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus

Pipits

• American Pipit, Anthus rubescens

Quail

• Northern Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus

Sandpipers & Allies

• Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia (Level 3)

• Solitary Sandpiper, Tringa solitaria

• Greater Yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca

• Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus

• Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes

• Upland Sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda (Level 2)

• Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus

• Hudsonian Godwit, Limosa haemastica

• Marbled Godwit, Limosa fedoa

• Ruddy Turnstone, Arenaria interpres

• Red Knot, Calidris canutus

• Sanderling, Calidris alba

• Semipalmated Sandpiper, Calidris pusilla

• Western Sandpiper, Calidris mauri

• Least Sandpiper, Calidris minutilla

• White-rumped Sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis

• Baird's Sandpiper, Calidris bairdii

• Pectoral Sandpiper, Calidris melanotos

• Purple Sandpiper, Calidris maritima

• Dunlin, Calidris alpina

• Stilt Sandpiper, Calidris himantopus

• Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis

• Ruff, Philomachus pugnax

• Short-billed Dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus

• Long-billed Dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus

• Wilson's Snipe, Gallinago delicata

• American Woodcock, Scolopax minor (Level 4)

• Common Snipe, Gallinago gallinago (Level 2)

• Wilson's Phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor (Level 4)

• Red-necked Phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus

• Red (Grey) Phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius

Rails, Gallinules & Coots

• Yellow Rail*, Coturnicops noveboracensis (Level 1)

• King Rail++, Rallus elegans

• Virginia Rail*, Rallus limicola (Level 1)

• Sora, Porzana carolina (Level 1)

• Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus (Level 3)

• American Coot, Fulica americana (Level 1)

Shrikes

• Loggerhead Shrike++, Lanius ludovicianus (Level 1)

• Northern (Great Grey) Shrike, Lanius excubitor

Sparrows, Longspurs & Towhees

• Eastern Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Level 2)

• American Tree Sparrow, Spizella arborea

• Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerina

• Clay-colored Sparrow, Spizella pallida (Level 1)

• Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (Level 3)

• Vesper Sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus (Level 3)

• Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (Level 2)

• Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum (Level 3)

• Le Conte's Sparrow, Ammodramus leconteii

• Henslow's Sparrow++, Ammodramus henslowii (Level 1)

• Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni

• Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca

• Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia

• Lincoln's Sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii

• Swamp Sparrow, Melospiza georgiana (Level 2)

• White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis (Level 2)

• Harris's Sparrow, Zonotrichia querula

• White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys

• Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis (Level 4)

• Lapland Longspur, Calcarius lapponicus

• Snow Bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

• House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (Introduced species)

Starlings

• European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris (Introduced Species)

Swifts

• Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica (threatened nationally)

Treecreepers

• Brown Creeper, Certhia americana (Level 2)

Swallows & Martins

• Purple Martin, Progne subis (Level 2)

• Tree Swallow, Tachycineta bicolor

• Northern Rough-winged Swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Level 3)

• Bank (Collared Sand)Swallow, Riparia riparia (Level 2)

• Cliff Swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Level 4)

• Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica (Level 4)

Tanagers

• Summer Tanager, Piranga rubra

• Scarlet Tanager, Piranga olivacea (Level 2)

Thrush

• Eastern Bluebird, Sialia sialis (Level 1)

• Townsend's Solitaire, Myadestes townsendi

• Veery, Catharus fuscescens (Level 3)

• Gray-cheeked Thrush, Catharus minimus

• Swainson's Thrush, Catharus ustulatus (Level 4)

• Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttatus (Level 3)

• Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (Level 4)

• American Robin, Turdus migratorius

• Varied Thrush, Ixoreus naevius

Vultures

• Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura (Level 4)

Vireos

• White-eyed Vireo, Vireo griseus

• Yellow-throated Vireo, Vireo flavifrons (Level 4)

• Blue-headed (Solitary) Vireo, Vireo solitarius (Level 3)

• Philadelphia Vireo, Vireo philadelphicus (Level 4)

• Red-eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus

Waxwings

• Bohemian Waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus

• Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

Wrens

• Carolina Wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus

• House Wren, Troglodytes aedon

• Winter Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (Level 4)

• Sedge Wren, Cistothorus platensis (Level 1)

• Marsh Wren, Cistothorus palustris (Level 2)

Woodpeckers, Sapsuckers & Flickers

• Red-headed Woodpecker*, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Level 1)

• Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus

• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius (Level 2)

• Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens

• Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus

• American Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis

• Black-backed Woodpecker, Picoides arcticus

• Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus

• Pileated Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus (Level 2)

Wood Warblers

• American Redstart, Setophaga ruticilla (Level 2)

• Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea

• Black-and-white Warbler, Mniotilta varia (Level 3)

• Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca (Level 1)

• Blackpoll Warbler, Dendroica striata

• Black-throated Blue Warbler, Dendroica caerulescens (Level 2)

• Black-throated Green Warbler, Dendroica virens (Level 1)

• Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus (Level 1).

• Canada Warbler, Wilsonia canadensis (Level 2)

• Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina

• Cerulean Warbler*, Dendroica cerulea (Level 1)

• Chestnut-sided Warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica (Level 1)

• Common Yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas

• Connecticut Warbler, Oporornis agilis

• Golden-winged Warbler*, Vermivora chrysoptera (Level 1)

• Hooded Warbler++, Wilsonia citrina

• Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosus

• Louisiana Waterthrush*, Seiurus motacilla (Level 1)

• Magnolia Warbler, Dendroica magnolia (Level 1)

• Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia (Level 2)

• Nashville Warbler, Vermivora ruficapilla (Level 2)

• Northern Parula, Parula americana

• Northern Waterthrush, Seiurus noveboracensis (Level 2)

• Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata

• Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla (Level 4)

• Palm Warbler, Dendroica palmarum

• Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus (Level 2)

• Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor (Level 1)

• Prothonotary Warbler++, Protonotaria citrea

• Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina

• Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla

• Worm-eating Warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus

• Yellow-breasted Chat*, Icteria virens

• Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata (Level 3)

• Yellow-throated Warbler, Dendroica dominica

• Yellow Warbler, Dendroica petechia